ֱ̽ of Cambridge - Anthony Freeling /taxonomy/people/anthony-freeling en Cambridge retains position in world rankings /news/cambridge-retains-position-in-world-rankings <div class="field field-name-field-news-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="cam-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content-580x288/public/news/news/senate-house-cropped_8.jpg?itok=pLQHwePx" alt="Senate House " title="Senate House , Credit: None" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the rankings QS has implemented the largest methodological enhancement since its inception, introducing three new metrics: sustainability, employment outcomes and international research network.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>This year’s rankings is the largest ever with 1,500 universities included. Only the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is ahead of Cambridge in the table. Acting Vice-Chancellor Dr Anthony Freeling said: “It is a source of enormous pride to see the ֱ̽ of Cambridge retain its position in the QS global rankings. This is a reflection of the hard work by colleagues across the university, ensuring that Cambridge continues to deliver world-leading research and education. It’s also very gratifying to see four UK institutions in the top ten list – a testimony to the strength of the UK’s higher education sector.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Earlier this year an assessment by London Economics discovered that Cambridge contributed nearly £30bn a year to the UK economy and that for every £1 the ֱ̽ spends it creates £11.70 of economic impact.</p>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p> ֱ̽ ֱ̽ of Cambridge has retained its number 2 spot in the QS World ֱ̽ Rankings and remains the highest rated higher education institution in the UK.  </p>&#13; </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">This is a reflection of the hard work by colleagues across the university </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote-name field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Dr Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-desctiprion field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Senate House </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-cc-attribute-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License." src="/sites/www.cam.ac.uk/files/inner-images/cc-by-nc-sa-4-license.png" style="border-width: 0px; width: 88px; height: 31px;" /></a><br />&#13; ֱ̽text in this work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. Images, including our videos, are Copyright © ֱ̽ of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified.  All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – as here, on our <a href="/">main website</a> under its <a href="/about-this-site/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>, and on a <a href="/about-this-site/connect-with-us">range of channels including social media</a> that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.</p>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-show-cc-text field-type-list-boolean field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div> Tue, 27 Jun 2023 20:00:21 +0000 ps748 240321 at £16million gift to support Europe’s largest heart and lung research centre /research/news/ps16million-gift-to-support-europes-largest-heart-and-lung-research-centre <div class="field field-name-field-news-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="cam-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content-580x288/public/news/research/news/dsc00923-web.jpg?itok=JnAWBNZK" alt="Left to right: Professor Charlotte Summers, Dr Nik Johnson (Mayor, Cambridgeshire &amp; Peterborough Combined Authority), Dr Victor Dahdaleh, Professor Patrick Maxwell, Dr Anthony Freeling" title="Left to right: Professor Charlotte Summers, Dr Nik Johnson (Mayor, Cambridgeshire &amp;amp;amp; Peterborough Combined Authority), Dr Victor Dahdaleh, Professor Patrick Maxwell, Dr Anthony Freeling, Credit: Chris Loades" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p> ֱ̽Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute (HLRI) is home to the largest concentration of scientists and clinicians in heart and lung medicine in Europe. It opened in July 2022 with the ambitious goal of identifying ten new potential treatments or diagnostic tests for heart and lung diseases within five years.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> ֱ̽HLRI is located on Cambridge’s rapidly expanding Biomedical Campus, immediately adjacent to Royal Papworth Hospital. ֱ̽institute brings together population health, laboratory and clinical scientists, with NHS clinicians and patients, with the aim of improving outcomes for people with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart attacks, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancers, cystic fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Dr Dahdaleh said: “Cambridge is one of the greatest Universities in the history of civilisation and, 800 years on, it is at the cutting edge of scientific progress. Over the years in which I have been supporting education and medical research around the world, I have realised the UK is a global leader in the prevention, identification and treatment of heart and lung diseases.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“I’m supporting this new Institute because, through collaboration with Royal Papworth Hospital and other leading institutions, it will enable a concentration of expertise that will make medical advances in these fields that are of international importance.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Dr Dahdaleh has previously supported research at the ֱ̽ of Cambridge looking into COVID-19 and national research on mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer linked to asbestos exposure. Cardiovascular and lung diseases kill more than 26 million people a year and have a major impact on the quality of life of many more. Alongside the immense human cost, the economic burden of these diseases – an estimated annual global cost of £840 billion – is already overwhelming and unsustainable. Yet declining air quality and increasing rates of obesity are set to compound the scale of the challenge faced worldwide.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Dr Anthony Freeling, Acting Vice-Chancellor of the ֱ̽ of Cambridge, said: “We are truly grateful to Victor for his generous donation. There has never been a more pressing need to develop new approaches and treatments to help us tackle the heart and lung diseases that affect many millions of people worldwide. ֱ̽Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute is in a strong position to make a major difference to people’s lives.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Professor John Wallwork, Chair of Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, said: “When we moved our hospital to the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in 2019, one of our ambitions was to collaborate with partners to create a research and education institute on this scale. Victor’s kind donation will support all the teams working in HLRI to develop new treatments in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, improving the lives of people in the UK and around the globe.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p> ֱ̽HLRI includes state-of-the-art research facilities, space for collaboration between academia, healthcare providers and industry, conference and education facilities. It also includes a special 10-bed clinical research facility where the first-in-patient studies of new treatments are being conducted.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Professor Charlotte Summers, Interim Director of the HLRI, said: “We have set ourselves ambitious goals because of the urgent need to improve cardiovascular and lung health across the world. Victor’s generous gift will help us realise our ambitions. Collaboration is at the heart of our approach, with our researchers and clinicians working with patient, academic, charity and industry partners within the Cambridge Cluster, nationally and internationally.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Dr Dahdaleh is also a significant supporter of the Duke of Edinburgh awards, York and McGill universities in his homeland of Canada, and the British Lung Foundation. Dr Dahdaleh and his wife Mona, via the Victor Dahdaleh Foundation, have a commitment to supporting scholarships for disadvantaged students pursuing higher education in addition to their extensive philanthropic support for research into cancer, lung and heart disease.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> ֱ̽HLRI has already raised £30 million from the UK Research Partnership Investment Fund and £10 million from the British Heart Foundation, with additional funding from the Wolfson Foundation, Royal Papworth Hospital Charity and the ֱ̽ of Cambridge. Additional support has been provided by the Cystic Fibrosis Trust for a Cystic Fibrosis Trust Innovation Hub within the institute.</p>&#13; &#13; <h3>Read more: <a href="/stories/heart-and-lung-research-institute">"There isn’t anything like it in the UK" -  ֱ̽new institute tackling some of the world's biggest killers</a></h3>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p>A Cambridge institute dedicated to improving cardiovascular and lung health has received a £16 million gift from Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Dr Victor Dahdaleh.</p>&#13; </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Over the years in which I have been supporting education and medical research around the world, I have realized the UK is a global leader in the prevention, identification and treatment of heart and lung diseases</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote-name field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Victor Dahdaleh</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-credit field-type-link-field field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/" target="_blank">Chris Loades</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-desctiprion field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Left to right: Professor Charlotte Summers, Dr Nik Johnson (Mayor, Cambridgeshire &amp;amp; Peterborough Combined Authority), Dr Victor Dahdaleh, Professor Patrick Maxwell, Dr Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-cc-attribute-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width:0" /></a><br />&#13; ֱ̽text in this work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Images, including our videos, are Copyright © ֱ̽ of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified.  All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – as here, on our <a href="/">main website</a> under its <a href="/about-this-site/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>, and on a <a href="/about-this-site/connect-with-us">range of channels including social media</a> that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.</p>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-show-cc-text field-type-list-boolean field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div> Thu, 23 Mar 2023 14:00:31 +0000 cjb250 237961 at Cambridge ֱ̽'s economic impact /stories/cambridge-economic-impact <div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p> ֱ̽ ֱ̽ contributes nearly £30 billion to the UK economy and supports more than 86,000 jobs across the UK, according to a new report.</p> </p></div></div></div> Mon, 20 Mar 2023 07:00:38 +0000 cjb250 237791 at ֱ̽ delivers Loyal Address to King Charles III /news/university-delivers-loyal-address-to-king-charles-iii <div class="field field-name-field-news-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="cam-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content-580x288/public/news/news/freeling-king-charles-590x288.jpg?itok=1Pl00mE1" alt="" title="Credit: None" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p> ֱ̽ ֱ̽ of Cambridge was one of 27 Privileged Bodies – institutions and corporations that enjoy the historic right to present these to the Sovereign – presenting an Address. ֱ̽Acting Vice-Chancellor introduced and delivered the text of the ֱ̽’s Address to His Majesty, highlighting the role of the late Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as the ֱ̽'s Chancellor for thirty-five years, and mentioning members of the Royal Family who are alumni, including the King.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In accordance with ֱ̽ regulations, the Acting Vice-Chancellor was accompanied by the Registrary and the Proctors. He was joined by other members of the ֱ̽ specially nominated for this occasion: the Master of Jesus College, the President of the Postdocs of Cambridge Society and the Presidents (Postgraduate and Undergraduate) of the ֱ̽ of Cambridge Students’ Union. ֱ̽Esquire Bedells and the ֱ̽ Marshal also attended.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Responding to the Privileged Bodies, HM ֱ̽King <a href="https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2023-03-09/a-speech-by-his-majesty-the-king-at-the-presentation-of-loyal">remarked</a>: “Whether in the fields of education, science, or the arts, or whether as representatives of the faith communities or of civic organisations, you advance our knowledge and our understanding of how we relate to each other and the world about us. You underpin the very foundations upon which our country is built and help to construct a framework of excellence and achievement within which our civil society functions and our national narrative can be formed.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p> ֱ̽last time the ֱ̽ was invited to deliver a Loyal Address was in 2012, on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.</p>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p>A delegation, led by the Acting Vice-Chancellor, Dr Anthony Freeling, was at Buckingham Palace on Thursday, 9 March to deliver a Loyal Address to HM the King.</p>&#13; </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-cc-attribute-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width:0" /></a><br />&#13; ֱ̽text in this work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Images, including our videos, are Copyright © ֱ̽ of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified.  All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – as here, on our <a href="/">main website</a> under its <a href="/about-this-site/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>, and on a <a href="/about-this-site/social-media/connect-with-us">range of channels including social media</a> that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.</p>&#13; </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-show-cc-text field-type-list-boolean field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div> Mon, 13 Mar 2023 14:10:22 +0000 bjb42 237611 at Acting Vice-Chancellor stresses drive for academic excellence /news/acting-vice-chancellor-stresses-drive-for-academic-excellence-0 <div class="field field-name-field-news-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="cam-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content-580x288/public/news/news/anthony-freeling_0.jpg?itok=yYP5ea0f" alt="Dr Anthony Freeling" title="Dr Anthony Freeling, Credit: None" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Professor Deborah Prentice, currently Provost of Princeton in the United States, has been nominated for the role. Dr Freeling, formerly President of Hughes Hall, is the first acting vice-chancellor in the ֱ̽’s history. In his speech he used the analogy of running a relay race and said it was his role to ensure the baton was passed smoothly to his successor. He paid a heartfelt tribute to Professor Toope for steering Cambridge through some its most challenging times ever and making the ֱ̽ even more open to diverse talent, more financially transparent, and more collegial. He noted that the ֱ̽ “is about to begin an exciting new partnership to bring more than 1,000 young African scholars to Cambridge.”   </p> <p>Dr Freeling also stressed the importance of the ֱ̽’s mission, describing academic excellence as the touchstone: “Whether addressing climate change, the cost of living or student wellbeing, the central ֱ̽, the academic departments, and the colleges must work more closely than ever, and we must collaborate more effectively than ever. In short, working collaboratively to enhance Cambridge’s academic excellence will be the guiding principle of my time in office, and my unrelenting focus, before handing over the baton to my successor.”</p> <p>He acknowledged that the months ahead will be challenging, “not least as we make the necessary adjustments to help our communities cope with the country’s cost of living crisis”, but vowed to “work across collegiate Cambridge to help us pull together and achieve this shared purpose.”</p> <p> ֱ̽ ֱ̽, he said, could only achieve its aims by working together: “We are united in our aspirations, and in our collective enterprise. Together, we form an extraordinary community who come together for the greater benefit of the whole.”</p> <p>Dr Freeling emphasised the ֱ̽’s commitment to freedom of speech: “We take great pride in being a self-governing community of scholars. We place great stock in protecting academic freedom. And we make great efforts to embed freedom of expression.” “ ֱ̽ ֱ̽’s governance”, he added, “relies ultimately on members of its Regent House engaging, discussing and voting on the issues that matter most to them.”</p> <p>He ended his Address by urging members of the Regent House – the ֱ̽’s governing body – to fully participate in the decision-making processes of the ֱ̽ saying it was “a democratic right, and democratic duty”.<br />  </p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p> ֱ̽acting Vice-Chancellor of the ֱ̽ of Cambridge, Dr Anthony Freeling, has been outlining his vision for the next nine months in the traditional Annual Address at the Senate House. Dr Freeling has taken over from Professor Stephen Toope and will lead the ֱ̽ until the new Vice-Chancellor takes office.</p> </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Together we form an extraordinary community who come together for the greater benefit of the whole</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote-name field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Dr Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-desctiprion field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Dr Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-cc-attribute-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width:0" /></a><br /> ֱ̽text in this work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Images, including our videos, are Copyright © ֱ̽ of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified.  All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – as here, on our <a href="/">main website</a> under its <a href="/about-this-site/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>, and on a <a href="/about-this-site/connect-with-us">range of channels including social media</a> that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-show-cc-text field-type-list-boolean field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div> Sat, 01 Oct 2022 09:00:54 +0000 ps748 234461 at ֱ̽ of Cambridge appoints new Acting Vice-Chancellor /news/university-of-cambridge-appoints-new-acting-vice-chancellor <div class="field field-name-field-news-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="cam-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/styles/content-580x288/public/news/news/anthony-freeling.jpg?itok=i6Dpiby2" alt="Anthony Freeling" title="Anthony Freeling, Credit: ֱ̽ of Cambridge" /></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Dr Freeling, the outgoing President of Hughes Hall, Cambridge, will take up his post on the departure of Professor Stephen J Toope. Recruitment for the post of Vice-Chancellor is under way and an appointment is expected to be announced in the early Autumn.</p> <p> ֱ̽appointment of Dr Freeling was confirmed by the ֱ̽ Council at its meeting on Monday 23 May.</p> <p>Dr Freeling has been President of Hughes Hall since 2014, having initially become involved with the College as a Fellow and Trustee in 2008. As a member of the ֱ̽ Council and Chair of the Colleges Committee, he has extensive experience of the operation of the Collegiate ֱ̽.</p> <p>He said: “It is a great honour to be asked to lead the ֱ̽, picking up the baton from Stephen and passing it on in due course to the next Vice-Chancellor. I look forward to working with the senior teams of the ֱ̽ and of the Colleges. We must jointly maintain momentum on the initiatives that are underway to ensure that Cambridge maintains research and education excellence at the highest global standard, putting our students and staff at the forefront of all we do.”</p> <p>Professor Toope said: “I have worked closely with Anthony over several years, and particularly in navigating our way through the challenges of the pandemic. He is an exceptionally able colleague and strong leader. He has been instrumental in helping the ֱ̽ and Colleges work more closely, and with greater sense of shared purpose, than ever before. I am entirely confident that this great ֱ̽ will continue to thrive under his leadership, and I wish him every success.”</p> <p>Mark Lewisohn, Deputy Chair of the ֱ̽ Council, said: “ ֱ̽selection panel was impressed with the exceptionally strong field of applicants for the role of Acting Vice-Chancellor. With the appointment of Anthony, we are entrusting the leadership of the ֱ̽ to a highly experienced figure who has a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities ahead. We are delighted that he has agreed to lead the transition to our next Vice-Chancellor.”</p> <p>Dr Freeling studied at St John’s College, Cambridge, between 1975 and 1984, completing an MA in Mathematics, an MPhil in Control Engineering and Operation Research, and a PhD in Decision Analysis and Behavioural Economics.</p> <p>Prior to resuming his long relationship with Cambridge, he spent 18 years with McKinsey &amp; Company, where he was a senior partner, leading its marketing and sales practice across Europe. He has also worked as an independent consultant advising a broad range of companies in areas as diverse as law and global marketing. He was a director of Ashridge Strategic Management Centre, and research director of the Coca-Cola Retailing Research Councils for Europe and Asia. He was formerly on the Council of the Open ֱ̽ and on the Board of UnLtd, the Foundation for Social Entrepreneurs.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-summary field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><p> ֱ̽ ֱ̽ of Cambridge has appointed Dr Anthony Freeling as its Acting Vice-Chancellor with effect from 1 October 2022.  His term of office is expected to be six months.</p> </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">It is a great honour to be asked to lead the ֱ̽, picking up the baton from Stephen and passing it on in due course to the next Vice-Chancellor</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-content-quote-name field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-credit field-type-link-field field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/" target="_blank"> ֱ̽ of Cambridge</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-image-desctiprion field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Anthony Freeling</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-cc-attribute-text field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width:0" /></a><br /> ֱ̽text in this work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Images, including our videos, are Copyright © ֱ̽ of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified.  All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – as here, on our <a href="/">main website</a> under its <a href="/about-this-site/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>, and on a <a href="/about-this-site/connect-with-us">range of channels including social media</a> that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-show-cc-text field-type-list-boolean field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Yes</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-license-type field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Licence type:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/taxonomy/imagecredit/attribution">Attribution</a></div></div></div> Tue, 24 May 2022 14:00:00 +0000 cjb250 232311 at